Melamine foam is a foam-like material consisting of a formaldehyde-melamine-sodium bisulfite copolymer. The foam, because of its microporous properties, may remove otherwise "uncleanable" external markings from relatively smooth surfaces. For example, it can remove crayon, magic marker, and grease from painted walls, wood finishings, plastic adhering paints from treated wooden tables, adhesive residue, and grime from hub caps.

The open cell foam is microporous and its polymeric substance is extremely hard, so that it works like extremely fine sandpaper, getting into tiny grooves and pits in the object being cleaned. On a larger scale the material feels soft. Because the bubbles interconnect, its structure is more like a maze of fibreglass strands than like the array of separate bubbles in, for example, styrofoam.

The substance needs to be dampened slightly to work properly. It wears rather rapidly, so a given block of foam generally lasts only a single intensive scrubbing session, though it can be used repeatedly for much smaller marks.

The foam is manufactured in Germany by BASF under the name "Basotect". It has been used for over 20 years as insulation for pipes and ductwork, and has a long history as a soundproofing material for studios, sounds stages, auditoriums, and the like. The low smoke and flame properties of melamine foam prevent it from being a fire hazard^{[citation needed]}.

The usefulness of melamine foam for cleaning was discovered in the early 21st century. It is supplied under the brand "Magic Eraser" by Mr. Clean (Procter & Gamble). Other companies also market it for cleaning purposes, either under brand names such as Coralite Ultimate Sponge, or as a generic product sometimes described as a "dirt eraser".

 

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